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The Wine Advocate
''The Wine Advocate'', fully known as ''Robert Parker's Wine Advocate'' and informally abbreviated ''TWA'' or ''WA ''or more recently as ''RP'', is a global bimonthly wine publication based in the United States featuring the consumer advice of wine critic Robert M. Parker, Jr.
Initially titled ''The Baltimore-Washington Wine Advocate'' the first issue was published in 1978. Accepting no advertising, the newsletter publishes in excess of 12,000 reviews per year, utilizing Parker's rating system that employs a 50-100 point quality scale (Parker Points® or simply ''RP'').〔erobertparker.com (The Wine Advocate Ratings System )〕 These wine ratings have a significant effect on the economic performance of the reviewed wine.〔Wine-searcher.com (Robert Parker Scores and Wine Prices )〕
==Background and history==
Robert Parker first developed an interest in wine on a trip to France while in college studying law. In the 1970s, Parker was influenced by the activist consumerism philosophy of Ralph Nader and saw in the wine industry a lack of independent wine criticism that was not sponsored by the distributors or wineries being reviewed. He released his first edition of ''The Baltimore-Washington Wine Advocate'' in 1978, originally as a complimentary bi-monthly feature.〔C. Platman ''"(Emperor of Wine )"'' The Birmingham Post, May 31st, 2006〕 It soon changed to a subscription periodical and by 1984 was successful enough that Parker could quit practicing law full-time and focus on wine reviews.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 507 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕
Parker and ''The Wine Advocate'' first garnered international, mainstream attention for his early prediction of the superiority and quality of the 1982 vintage of Bordeaux wine. Parker's enthusiastic endorsement created a spike of interest from American wine buyers in purchasing wine futures of this vintage, prior to its release to the public. This had the effect of raising the price dramatically for 1982 Bordeaux wines. Subscriptions to ''The Wine Advocate'' continued to grow and by 1998 had more than 45,000 subscribers from 35 different countries.〔 In 2000, an online version of the magazine was introduced, eRobertParker.com, which expanded the publication beyond ''Wine Advocate'' content to include an interactive Bulletin Board managed by Mark Squires and many articles and features not available in the printed version. By 2012, subscribership had grown to about 50,000, with 80% of readers from in the United States.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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